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Benjamin P. Edwards

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Benjamin Edwards joined the faculty of the William S. Boyd School of Law in 2017. He researches and writes about business and securities law, corporate governance, arbitration, and consumer protection.

Prior to teaching, Professor Edwards practiced as a securities litigator in the New York office of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP. At Skadden, he represented clients in complex civil litigation, including securities class actions arising out of the Madoff Ponzi scheme and litigation arising out of the 2008 financial crisis. Read More

On March 1, 2024, the SEC will host an Investor Advocacy Clinic Summit both virtually and in Washington D.C.  The event will run from 11:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. EST.  It’s an opportunity for faculty and law students to:

LEARN about the work of the ten-law school investor advocacy clinics, and the benefits of these clinical programs for law students, law schools, and their communities.

HEAR perspectives from the SEC Chair, SEC Commissioners, and guest speakers.

ENGAGE with SEC staff about the work of the different Divisions within the Commission.

FIND out about job opportunities at the SEC and the federal government post-law school graduation.

This is the link to RSVP.

You can access the flyer for the event here:  Download 2024 IAC Summit Evite -RSVP

As I’ve mentioned before, the Department of Labor is now taking another go at improving advice standards for retirement accounts.  I put a quick letter together to give some reasons why I think it’s important to have high standards for advice in this context.

Although written to the Department of Labor, I tried to put the letter together in a way that would help journalists and others understand some of the critical issues facing Labor and the need to put some real protections in place.

One of the talking points often deployed by the industry here is that people should understand that they are in a sales environment and not rely overmuch on the insurance producer deploying every known psychological trick to generate trust.  In reality, many people–particularly older Americans do not understand that the advice is not free.  

My sense is that the rulemaking will probable go through and then we’ll find out how much room the courts will give to protect people here.

Today’s guest post comes to us from Anthony Rickey of Margrave Law:

The Thanksgiving weekend witnessed a debate between former Attorney General William Barr and attorney Jonathan Berry and Vice Chancellor Travis Laster over whether Delaware risks “driving away” corporations through “flirtation with environmental, social and governance [“ESG”] investment principles.”  Reuters reports that Chancellor McCormick further criticized Barr’s article at a Practicing Law Institute event, and Vice Chancellor Will  commented in a Bloomberg Law interview.  Professor Stephen Bainbridge has published two posts on the controversy.

When giants wrestle, wise men stay out from underfoot.  Nonetheless, I think the debate merits a close look because, however much I agree with Vice Chancellor Laster on matters of doctrine, I suspect that similar articles will become more common in the future.  Three factors influence my prediction:  a) Delaware has weakened its reputational bulwark against accusations of partisanship, b) the influence of politics in corporate law has increased (largely via ESG) and c) other states are now seeking to differentiate themselves from, rather than imitate, the Delaware Court of Chancery.

Delaware Dissolves One of Its Fundamental Corporate Law Pillars

The heart of Barr’s argument is that Delaware risks following “many blue states [that] are…

It’s tough to know what to write here today.  I was fortunate enough to be working from home when I started getting emails from the University.  This is what the first ones said:

(11:51 a.m.) University Police responding to report of shots fire in BEH evacuate to a safe area, RUN-HIDE-FIGHT.

(11:57 a.m.). University Police responding to confirmed active shooter in BEH. This is not a test.  RUN-HIDE-FIGHT.

My first thought was to wonder why they were not texting me.  Then it was to realize that if I were not getting texts, many of my colleagues might not either.  The BEH building code meant the shooter was at the Business School–just a short, short walk from the law school.  I started texting my colleagues.  At least all of them that I had numbers for.  As people checked in, I learned that my colleagues were sheltering in place as the school locked down.  I reached out to some students who I’d worked with and had numbers for to make sure they were okay.  Fortunately, the two that I connected with were not on campus.  But they very easily could have been.  Our final exams have started and students not taking exams…

As these may also be of interest to our readers here, I wanted to link to a couple of recent op-eds. 

As to the first, I drafted one with Joe Peiffer about FINRA’s expungement process. It ran in Financial Planning Magazine on November 15.  The crux of the argument is that FINRA’s reforms to its expungement process won’t fully solve the problem and will instead burden state regulators with additional unfunded responsibilities.  Here is a small excerpt:

Ultimately, the current reforms offer incremental improvements that will likely slow the deletion of valuable public records. Sadly, however, the current system continues to outsource expungement decisions away from FINRA — the primary regulator for brokerage firms — and onto independent contractor arbitrators. This system leaves the responsibility for educating those arbitrators about reasons not to grant expungements to complaining customers and thinly resourced state regulators.

This approach benefits FINRA because it allows it to avoid entangling itself on these issues. It also shifts costs away from FINRA. After all, parties seeking expungements pay hefty fees to FINRA for arbitration costs. Yet the public pays the price when FINRA  outsources responsibility for wise expungement decisions to poorly informed arbitrators who usually only hear

…

If you’ve been following along, you know all about the pending challenge to FINRA in the D.C. Circuit.  Many amicus briefs have come in, including my own.  To make it easier for people to see what’s happening, I’ve pulled the briefs and put them in a Google Drive folder for easier access.  The briefs in the folder include:

  • FINRA
  • Alpine Opening
  • DTC & Clearing Groups
  • National Futures Association
  • North American Securities Administrators Association
  • Public Investor Advocate Bar Association
  • Securities Exchanges
  • Horseracing
  • Free Enterprise Chamber of Commerce
  • New Civil Liberties Alliance
  • The United States of America
  • Benjamin P. Edwards

We also have additional litigation raising similar issues now pending in North Carolina.

I predicted that we’d see these challenges and that they could pose big risks to the financial system in my Supreme Risk article.  So far, I’ve been cited by Alpine and the DTC and other clearing corporation’s amicus.  The DTC  brief agreed with my assessment and block quoted the article.

Any perceived weakness in Amici’s authority to enforce their rules could undermine their ability to deliver critical functions to the markets, such as individual participant risk monitoring, the setting of collateral requirements to cover credit, market, and liquidity risk

…

Texas Tech University School of Law, Lubbock, Texas

Summary Information

The School of Law at Texas Tech University invites applications for a full-time, 9-month tenure-track Professor of Law position to begin in August of 2024.  The position is open to both entry-level candidates and candidates who are on the tenure-track or tenured at another school.  Candidates who satisfy Texas Tech University’s requirements to be hired with tenure will also be eligible to hold the Frank McDonald Endowed Professorship in business law.

Required Qualifications

In line with TTU’s strategic priorities to engage and empower a diverse student body, enable innovative research and creative activities, and transform lives and communities through outreach and engaged scholarship, applicants should have experience or demonstrated potential for working with diverse student populations at the undergraduate and/or graduate levels within individual or across the areas of teaching, research/creative activity, and service.

Specific required qualifications are:

  1. Candidates should have a J.D.;
  2. Candidates should have a demonstrated potential for excellence in research, teaching, and service; and
  3. Candidates should have demonstrated potential for excellence in the areas of Contracts and in corporate/business law, such as Business Entities, Securities Regulation, Mergers & Acquisitions, and related courses.

Preferred Qualifications

In addition to…

In an address on Halloween, President Biden announced his support for a new rule proposal from the Department of Labor.  The rule would impose a fiduciary duty on persons giving advice about retirement assets.  His remarks framed the issue as addressing “junk fees” in financial services.

The rule targets critical transactions.  In 2022, Americans moved about $800 billion from 401(k) type plans into individual retirement accounts.  The decisions people make when moving their funds out of their 401(k) and into something else matter.  It’s also often a vulnerable point for many.  We know that cognitive decline affects a greater percentage of the population as they age. Yet our regulatory infrastructure does not currently impose consistent standards on persons giving advice about that pot of money.

The kind of advice a retiree receives depends on the person and product at issue.  A registered investment adviser will owe a fiduciary duty under the Investment Advisers Act.  A stockbroker will owe an obligation to give advice in the investor’s “best interest” under the SEC’s regulation “Best Interest.” 

What about the duties owed by insurance producers who often aim to divert retirement savings into insurance products?  An insurance agent selling equity-indexed or fixed-indexed annuities…

PIABA, the Public Investor Advocate Bar Association, and the PIABA Foundation released a new report on FINRA expungement earlier this week. The current report gives a good snapshot of where things stand at the end of an era with a new set of FINRA rules around expungement going into effect on October 16, 2023.  FINRA adopted some of these changes after comment letters I sent in on earlier proposals. On the whole, my record remains mixed with FINRA continuing to keep this process in arbitration.  James Tierney and I have a forthcoming paper on this contending that an administrative procedure would produce much better results than leaving this outsourced to the arbitration forum.  My core view is that the current structure simply fails to generate any real scrutiny, much less adversarial scrutiny, for most of these requests.

To address the scrutiny problem, we have some changes.  One of the biggest changes to the rules is a new process for notifying state regulators and allowing them to participate in hearings.  On the one hand, this is a good thing.  State regulators should be able to take steps to appropriately prevent the deletion of public records.  But on the other…

Another case challenging FINRA’s constitutionality has generated a District Court opinion upholding FINRA’s constitutionality.  Judge Reyes found that, Alpine “does not suggest that courts must enjoin every challenged FINRA enforcement action pending the Alpine merits decision.”

Kim differs from Alpine in some significant ways.  The plaintiff does not face expulsion, just an ordinary fine and disciplinary proceeding.  Kim faces a possible $30,000 fine and a requirement to disgorge $16,000 in profits.  This, unsurprisingly, complicates his attempt to secure an injunction against the enforcement action because it doesn’t seem as though he will face any irreparable harm–just “an enforcement hearing, months away, and most likely, monetary fines.”

The case also differs in that amici got involved at an early stage this time.  The opinion thanks “CBOE Global Markets, Inc.; CME Group Inc.; National Futures Association; and the Securities Exchanges.”  

Most courts will not be familiar with SROs.  Given that, it makes sense for a range of amici to come in on these cases to help give context to courts.

Ultimately, how this issue will turn out for Kim depends on the pending Alpine appeal.