We have some significant developments in the law for expungement hearings. As a quick refresher for those that don’t follow this corner of securities law closely, the process for deciding whether or not to remove customer dispute information from a broker’s record is unreliable, poorly designed, and seemingly emboldens brokers to commit more misconduct. One study found that “with prior expungements are 3.3 times as likely to engage in new misconduct as the average broker.”
Many of the problems flow from how brokers procure expungements. Often they simply file an arbitration against their employer. (Notably, the employer benefits if its broker/sales agent has red flags and past misconduct removed from regulatory and public databases.) At some point, they notify the customer about the arbitration and their right to participate, but non-party customers have little incentive or ability to meaningfully participate–and usually don’t participate. Arbitrators, hearing no reason not to grant the expungement from the parties overwhelmingly recommend expungement. The broker then notifies FINRA and has the arbitration award “confirmed” by a state court. As I wrote in my comment letter, “judicial review under these circumstances provides no meaningful check on this process and only serves as a dubious veneer.” Under the law, courts confirming arbitration awards do not meaningfully review these awards–they simply confirm them absent certain, statutorily-defined problems with the award.
In October, I wrote about a proposal to change some of the rules for brokers seeking to expunge customer dispute information from their records and linked to my own extensive comment letter on the proposal which drew heavily from a law review article explaining how the system fails to surface relevant information because many hearings are not adversarial. (The SEC also received comments from Arbitrator Julius Z. Frager, PIABA, NASAA, AdvisorLaw, Pace Law School’s Securities Clinic, St. John’s Securities Clinic, and Steven Caruso.) At the time, I explained that the proposal would do much to change the fundamental dynamic and would leave many problems in place:
But there are many things the proposal won’t do. It won’t address common customer barriers to participation. It won’t provide a lengthy notice period so customers can figure out what is going on and get legal help. It won’t even guarantee customers can receive all of the documents filed in these arbitrations. It won’t make it clear that these proceedings are really ex-parte proceedings and that all advocates must be held to higher standards in them. It won’t change the system in any truly significant way. It burdens the customer with protecting the public record at the customer’s expense.
After the comment period, FINRA extended the time for SEC action on the proposal before providing a response to comments and an amended proposal, addressing some of the problems I highlighted. The amended proposal meaningfully engages with the comments and makes some real improvements. Although I didn’t get everything I wanted, I’m glad that the amendment addresses some of the most egregious flaws in the current system. I have my thoughts on FINRA’s response after the jump.