February 2021

The following news of a virtual conference (hosted by the University of Kentucky Rosenberg College of Law, with support from the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation) comes to us from Ramsi Woodcock at UK Law/Business & Econ:
 
Please join us as we think through antitrust, data, taxation, consumer welfare, property, bigness, and tech policy from the perspective of the distribution of wealth at Inframarginalism & Internet: A Conference on Markets as Wealth Distributors, and the Implications for Tech Policy, which will be held online on Thursday, February 18 and Friday, February 19.
 
 
 
Speakers include:
 
-Herbert Hovenkamp
-Fiona Scott Morton
-A. Douglas Melamed
-Thomas Philippon, author of The Great Reversal: How America Gave Up on Free Markets
 
-Katharina Pistor, author of The Code of Capital: How the Law Creates Wealth and Inequality
 
-Chris Sagers, author of United States v. Apple: Competition in America
-David J. Teece
-Susan Crawford, author of Fiber: The Coming Tech Revolution–and Why America Might Miss It
-Gerrit De Geest, author of Rents: How Marketing Causes Inequality
 
Panels include:
Antitrust Futures
The Meaning and Control of Bigness
Redistribution Through Antitrust and Consumer Law

Visiting Assistant Professor in Law

Faculty Posting Date: February 12, 2021

To Apply: apply.interfolio.com/84257


Duquesne University School of Law, located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, invites applications to fill up to two full-time visiting assistant professors beginning 2021-2022 academic year. Each position will have a one-year appointment that may be renewable for a second year. VAP will teach courses in legal education. We seek colleagues who can contribute to the diversity of our campus community and wish to advance diversity, equity, and inclusion through teaching and service.

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES:

Teach Up to 12 credit hours for the year. Assigned courses will vary, but likely curricular needs include: torts, professional responsibility, technology, privacy, and health law.

REQUIRED QUALIFICATIONS:

Juris Doctorate from an ABA-accredited law school.

Preferred Qualifications

Experience teaching legal education.

Evidence of significant practical experience in an area of curricular need.

APPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS:

Catholic in its mission and ecumenical in spirit, Duquesne University values equality of opportunity as an educational institution and as an employer. We aspire to attract and sustain a diverse faculty that reflects contemporary society, serves our academic goals that enriches our campus community. We particularly encourage applications from members of underrepresented groups and support dual-career couples through

Almost exactly one year ago, I blogged about an unusual books and records lawsuit involving Facebook.  The plaintiffs were seeking documents pertaining to Facebook’s $5 billion settlement with the FTC, on the theory that Facebook had improperly agreed to pay larger fines in order to protect Mark Zuckerberg, personally, from liability.  That, the plaintiffs claimed, was an interested transaction involving a controlling shareholder, subject to entire fairness review if not cleansed using MFW procedures.

As I said at the time, the reason this struck me as novel was because the entire lawsuit depended on Delaware’s slow evolution of thinking surrounding controlling shareholder transactions, and highlighted the box Delaware has put itself in.  Is it true that any controlling shareholder transaction gets entire fairness review absent MFW procedures?  Because if the controlling shareholder involved in day-to-day operations, that’s a very broad rule, and if that’s not the rule, what kinds of transactions qualify?

Anyhoo, VC Slights just issued his opinion in the 220 action and the remarkable thing about it is that it says … nothing.

I mean, it says something, obviously, it holds that (1) plaintiffs may obtained non-privileged electronic communications pertaining to the settlement and (2) plaintiffs

Holger Fleischer has posted Corporate Purpose: A Management Concept and its Implications for Company Law on SSRN (here).  I like the idea of distinguishing (1) a “management concept” of identifying a corporate purpose “beyond mere profit” from (2) a corporate law conception of the for-profit corporation as a profit-maximizing entity.  Here is the abstract:

Many companies have recently been following the so-called corporate purpose concept that is recommended by leading management scholars. To this end, they identify a raison d’être for their enterprise that goes beyond mere profit making and they anchor it in the entire value chain. This paper puts the corporate purpose concept in perspective by linking it to the larger debate on corporate social responsibility and by outlining its theoretical foundations and practical application. It then goes on by explaining how this management concept fits into the company law framework, looking to France and the UK as well as to the US and Germany. Finally, this paper assesses various policy proposals made by leading purpose proponents, ranging from mandatory purpose clauses in the articles of association to say-on-purpose shareholder voting and dual-purpose business organisations.

Nevada legislators recently introduced legislation to create a statutory exemption from licensure for the investment advisers for certain qualifying private funds.  The language appears nearly identical to the model regulation released by the North American Securities Administrators Association (NASAA). Notably, NASSA explained that its regulatory approach would be “contingent in many respects on how the SEC moves forward on implementation in this area. Consequently, if the SEC makes significant alterations to its proposals NASAA may be required to reevaluate the provisions in any proposed model rule or rules.”  Nevada’s own Securities Division also recently released a proposed regulatory update which includes NASAA’s model regulatory exemption.

There are really two questions here.  The first is whether an appropriately tailored exemption from licensing requirements should exist for certain private funds.  Nevada’s own securities regulators support the exemption and included it in their draft regulations. As it stands, putting the exemption into place does not require the Nevada Legislature to do anything.  The exemption appears highly likely to be embodied in the final regulatory code at the conclusion of the ordinary regulatory process.  I filed a comment letter on this with the Nevada legislature and have reviewed the letters filed by supporters of

Co-blogger Joan Heminway predicted that GameStop Will Be 2021’s Great Gift To Business Law Professors.  Totally agree.  I think it’s also a great gift to those of us who research financial market infrastructure, particularly clearing and settlement.  This episode has highlighted the importance of clearinghouses.  In the past, I’ve written several posts on clearinghouses (for example, here, here, here).  In preparing to speak on this topic during the UT Law roundtable last week, I came across several great articles about the role of clearinghouses and margin calls in the Robinhood/GameStop story.  I share a few of these below with readers. 

Keep in mind that the DTCC’s clearinghouse, the National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC), was designated in 2012 by the Financial Oversight Stability Council (FSOC) as one of eight designated financial market utilities under Dodd-Frank’s Title VIII.  These designated FMUs are single points of failure in financial markets.  I’ve written extensively about Title VIII, beginning with The Federal Reserve as Last Resort.

Jeff John Robert’s Fortune article:  The real story behind Robinhood’s decision to restrict GameStop trading – and that 4 a.m. call to put up $3 billion.

Telis Demos’ WSJ article: Why

I tell my students that the participants in securities transactions are “the three Is” or  “I3“: issuers, intermediaries, and investors.  Tomorrow morning, having covered the definition of a security and the concept of materiality, I offer some foundational words on investors. 

What to tell?  Of course, I will talk a bit about investment theory, the investor protection policy and mechanisms of federal securities law, the composition/demographics of the typical equity ownership of a public company, etc.  But what do I say about GameStop Corp.?  Set forth below is a chart summarizing the trading in GameStop common stock for the past five days: (courtesy of Google Finance):

Screen Shot 2021-02-08 at 11.54.19 PM

Who are the investors in the market for GameStop common stock, options, and short positions now?  Who will they be in a month or six months or a year (assuming a trading market can be sustained)?  And what do the changes in GameStop’s investor profile say about the firm itself, about the New York Stock Exchange, and about various related aspects of securities regulation?  

There remain few answers to the fundamental question of who owns or is trading in GameStop’s publicly traded common stock.  Nevertheless, there are many worthy conversation

NIULogo

POSITION ANNOUNCEMENT

NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LAW invites applications for an anticipated opening for an entry-level tenure-track faculty position beginning August 2021. Duties include engaging in high quality research and teaching, as well as being an active participant in law school and university service. Applicants must hold a J.D. degree from an ABA accredited law school, or a foreign law school equivalent, and must provide evidence of the potential for engaging in high quality research and teaching.

Preferred qualifications include record of scholarly publication, teaching experience (particularly in a law school), legal practice experience, strong law school record, law journal membership, and clerkship experience.

We will consider candidates with a broad range of teaching and research interests, but the successful candidate will be expected to teach at least one first-year course (which may include Constitutional Law I: The Federal System). Our upper-level needs include, but are not limited to, Business Law, Commercial Law, Criminal Law and Procedure, Tax, Trusts and Estates, and skills courses. Applications are encouraged from women, members of minority groups, and others whose background and experience would contribute to the diversity of the law school community.

If you wish to apply, please go to the position posting

    Commenters have likened the recent retail “meme” trading in stocks such as GameStop Corp. to buying a ticket on a roller coaster—“You don’t go on a roller coaster because you end up in a different place, you go on it for the ride and it’s exciting because you’re part of it.” See, Bailey Lipschultz and Divya Balji, Historic Week for Gamestop Ends with 400% Rally as Shorts Yield, Bloomberg (January 29, 2021).

    The comparison is apt in a number of respects. These retail traders, led by some members of the “WallStreetBets” group on the Reddit social media platform, “got on” GameStop a couple weeks ago at just under $20 a share, and, despite its rapid rise to a high of just under $500 a share, I think most people expect (including the meme traders) that the price at which this turbulent ride will end is somewhere around where it began. After all, GameStop’s fundamentals have not changed. It remains a brick-and-mortar business that was devastated by the pandemic, and it is expected to steadily lose market share to online vendors.

    For anyone interested in the mechanics of the “short squeeze” and how these traders managed to move price

After Ben posted about the GameStop Affair last week, Joan predicted that the saga would be a “great gift to law professors.”  That seems about right, because here I am with a post about the subsidiary issue of Robinhood, or rather, Robinhood’s platform.

FINRA just issued a report on its current Risk Monitoring and Examination Activities, which highlights certain areas that FINRA will be investigating going forward.  It doesn’t mention Robinhood by name, but it flags some of Robinhood’s practices for special attention and, in particular, its game-like user interface.  In specific, it says:

we are increasingly focused on communications relating to certain new products, and how member firms supervise, comply with recordkeeping obligations, and address risks relating to new digital communication channels. This focus includes risks associated with app-based platforms with interactive or “game-like” features that are intended to influence customers, their related forms of marketing, and the appropriateness of the activity that they are approving clients to undertake through those platforms (e.g., under FINRA Rule 2360 (Options)).

While such features may improve customers’ access to firm systems and investment products, they may also result in increased risks to customers if not designed with