The Southeastern Association of Law Schools (SEALS) is scheduled to hold its annual conference in person, July 26-August 1, at The Omni Amelia Island Resort, Amelia Island, Florida.  SEALS has always been one of my favorite law conferences. It combines the opportunity to attend fascinating panels and discussion groups (showcasing our colleagues’ latest research) with plenty of networking opportunities and some fun in the sun! And one of the highlights of the conference is always the New Scholars Workshop, which provides opportunities for new legal scholars to interact with their peers and experts in their respective fields. Here’s an excerpt from the SEALS New Scholars Committee website:

For over a decade, the New Scholars Workshop has provided new scholars with the opportunity to present their work in a supportive and welcoming environment. The New Scholars Committee accepts and reviews nominations to the program, organizes new scholars into colloquia based on subject matter, and coordinates with the Mentors Committee to match each new scholar with a mentor in his or her field. We also hold a New Scholars Luncheon at the Annual Meeting at which New Scholars and their mentors can get to know one another and the

As I mentioned in my Show Me the Money!” blog last week, back in March of 2014 the Chicago District (Region 13) of the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) held that Northwestern University football players qualified as employees and could unionize and bargain collectively.  Although this decision was later overturned, the national level NLRB’s final holding specifically targeted unionization efforts at private schools – leaving the door wide open to revisit this issue at some point with respect to public universities.

Although the Regional decision was reversed, I was interested in Peter Sung Ohr’s (Director of Region 13) analysis, especially with respect to athletic scholarships.  He noted that although student-athletes don’t officially receive paychecks from universities, they do receive “a substantial economic benefit for playing football” in the form of scholarships.  He also focused on the extent of control exerted by coaches on players (something that has been touched on quite a bit in academic literature) and the amount of time players spend on football related activities, ultimately concluding that receiving scholarships in exchange for playing football amounts to a contract-for-hire between employer and employee.

I was inspired to write my 3rd sports/ tax paper, Northwestern, O’Bannon And

Many thanks to Haskell Murray and the Business Law Prof Blog editorial crew for inviting me to serve as a guest blogger during the final countdown to 2017.  For the next few weeks, I’d like to share some of my research in the areas of amateur sports and tax.

Like many, I am an avid enthusiast of the Olympics.  During the 2012 Summer Games in London which highlighted extraordinary athletic prowess from the likes of Michael Phelps, Usain Bolt, and the all-impressive gold medal beach volleyball duo Ross and Kessy, Marco Rubio introduced Bill S.3471 (The Olympic Tax Elimination Act (OTEA)) which proposed to exclude from U.S. Olympic athletes’ gross income the value of any prizes or awards won during the Games.  

This bill piqued my interest in exploring the tax issues facing U.S. Olympic medal-winning athletes.  In 2013, my Central Michigan sports law colleague Adam Epstein and I published Taxing Missy: Operation Gold and the 2012 Proposed Olympic Tax Elimination Act, which explores general tax issues within sports, investigates the U.S. Olympic Committee’s (USOC) Operation Gold program (awarding $25K for gold, $15K for silver, and $10K for bronze medals won at the Olympics by U.S. athletes), analyzes

A recent unanimous decision from the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, Anson v. Commissioners for Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs [2015] UKSC 44, determined that a U.S. limited liability company (LLC) formed in Delaware will be treated for U.K. tax purposes as a partnership, and not a corporation. This is a good thing, as it provides the LLC members the ability to reap more completely the benefits of the entity's choice of form.

What is not so good is that the court left unaddressed a lower court determination as follows, was quoted in para. 47: 

“Delaware law governs the rights of the members of [the LLC] as the law of the place of its incorporation, and the LLC agreement is expressly made subject to that law. However, the question whether those rights mean that the income of [the LLC] is the income of the members is a question of domestic law which falls to be determined for the purposes of domestic tax law applying the requirements of domestic tax law ….” (para 71) (emphasis added)

An LLC does not have a place of incorporation!  It has a place of formation.  Here is the link to Delaware's Certificate of

At the New York Times Dealbook, Andrew Ross Sorkin notes that public pension funds have been lately silent on the issue of corporate inversions. (See co-blogger Anne Tucker on inversions here and here.) Sorkin writes, "Public pension funds may be so meek on the issue of inversions because they are conflicted."

Maybe I am reading too much into his choice of words, but "meek" implies more to me than "moderate" or "mild" and instead conveys a value judgment that fund managers have an obligation to speak out. I am not pretty sure that's not true.

I definitely don't like companies heading offshore for mild gains, and I don't think I would support such a choice, but as a director, I'd sure analyze the option before deciding. Fund managers, too, have obligations to look out for their stakeholders, and unless I had a clear charge on this front or thought the inverting company was clearly wrong, I'd probably stay quiet, too.

Although the meek may inherit the earth, at least at this point, I might substitute "meek" with "cautious" or even "prudent."  But that's just me.

The Louisiana Supreme Court recently denied the state's attempt to collect sales tax on the sale of an RV to a Montana LLC. Thomas v. Bridges, No. 2013-C-1855 (La. 2014).  The LLC was formed for the sole purpose of avoiding RV sales tax (saving the buyer as much as $47,000).  The state argued that the LLC veil should be pierced and the tax should be assessed to the LLC's sole member claiming fraud. The court disagreed, explaining that "taking actions to avoid sales tax does not constitute fraud. Although tax evasion is illegal, tax avoidance is not." 

There were problems with the state's attempt from the outset.  First, the sale occurred  in Louisiana, but the RV was housed in Mississippi.  Even if the LLC were to be disregarded, Mississippi, it seems to me, would be the state that should be asserting the claim.  Second, the state attempted to collect from the LLC's member before ever trying to collect from the LLC.  Thus,  the veil-piercing claim was being used as a post hoc justification for the attempt to recover from the LLC's member and was not properly raised below.  

This "legal loophole" (which is redundant because if it's a loophole, it's legal and

Business law has a broad overlap with tax, accounting, and finance.  Just how much belongs in a law school course is often a challenge to determine.  We all have different comfort levels and views on the issue, but incorporating some level of financial literacy is essential.  Fortunately, a more detailed discussion of what to include and how to include it is forthcoming.  Here's the call: 

Call For Papers

AALS Section on Agency, Partnerships LLCs, and Unincorporated Associations

Bringing Numbers into Basic and Advanced Business Associations Courses: How and Why to Teach Accounting, Finance, and Tax

2015 AALS Annual Meeting Washington, DC

Business planners and transactional lawyers know just how much the “number-crunching” disciplines overlap with business law. Even when the law does not require unincorporated business associations and closely held corporations to adopt generally accepted accounting principles, lawyers frequently deal with tax implications in choice of entity, the allocation of ownership interests, and the myriad other planning and dispute resolution circumstances in which accounting comes into play. In practice, unincorporated business association law (as contrasted with corporate law) has tended to be the domain of lawyers with tax and accounting orientation. Yet many law professors still struggle with the reality